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House Illustrations Library - Main Page 2 - 1/1/2015 - House Systems

Photos Library Main Page 2 of House Illustrations

 
 STRUCTUREINSULATION
INTERIOR EXTERIOR
ROOFING  
House Illustrations Library Main Page 1House Illustrations Library Main Page 2Index of House Illustrations
You can purchase these images in eBook format on our site.

 

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STRUCTURE

INSULATION

STRUCTURAL FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATIONS 

STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION
0200 Overview of house structure 
0201 Soil pressure on foundation walls 
0202 Evidence of frost heaving 
0203 Bearing strength of soils
0204 Two situations where frost heaving is very unlikely 
0205 Frost heaving of unheated houses 
0206 Slab-on-grade - floating slab 
0207 Slab-on-grade - supported slab 
0208 Slab-on-grade - monolithic slab 
0209 Spread footings and pad footings 
0210 Pile foundations 
0211 Pier foundations 
0212 Brick foundation with masonry exterior walls 
0213 Stone foundation with masonry exterior walls 
0214 Stone foundation with wood frame exterior walls
0215 Raft and mat foundations 
0216 Preserved wood foundations 
0217 Control joints in foundation walls 

STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS - page 1
0218 Types of settlement 
0219 Differential settlement caused by variable soil types 
0220 Ravine lots 
0221 Building settlement due to cut and fill excavation 
0222 Analyzing crack size 
0223 Frost heaving of footings 
0224 Crack shapes 
0225 Mud jacking to stabilize a settled foundation 
0226 Using a helical anchor to stabilize a settled foundation 
0227 Using piles to stabilize a settled foundation 
0228 Using rods and channels to stabilize a settled house 
0229 Step footings on sloped lots 
0230 Lowering basement floors - bench footing 
0231 Lowering basement floors - underpinning 
0232 Underpinning - timing of concrete pours 
0233 Rotational settlement cracks 
0234 Cracking - common locations 
0235 Frost heaving of footings 

STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS - page 2
0236 Sources of heaving 
0237 Evidence of frost heaving 
0238 Exterior basement stairwell - side view 
0239 Insulated exterior basement stairwell - side view 
0240 Frost heaving of unheated houses 
0241 Effects of adfreezing 
0242 Adfreezing and deck piers 
0243 Heaving of deck piers 
0244 Foundation movement associated with horizontal cracks 
0245 Floors provide lateral support for foundations 
0246 Horizontal cracks and movement - 3 different possibilities 
0247 Beam punching through foundation wall 
0248 Excess brick overhang resulting from bowing foundation 
0249 Lateral support for foundation walls 
0250 Vertical foundation cracks 
0251 Determining height of backfill
0252 How driveways can contribute to foundation cracking 
0253 Foundation cracks related to tree roots 
0254 Backfill-related foundation cracks 
0255 Basement floors provide lateral support 

STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS - page 3
0256 Foundation repairs - adding a buttress 
0257 Foundation repairs - adding a pilaster 
0258 Foundation repairs - reinforcing from inside 
0259 Foundation repairs - using steel tie-backs 
0260 Foundation repairs - adding an interior wall 
0261 Foundation repairs - adding a sister wall outside 
0262 Spalling of poured concrete foundations 
0263 The 1/3 rule for wall stability 
0264 Piers - things to watch for 
0265 Masonry piers - hollow channels must be vertical 
0266 Wooden piers - things to look for 
0267 Pilaster pulling away from wall 
0268 Cold joints in poured concrete foundations 
0269 Honeycombing in poured concrete foundations 
0270 Foundation wall too short (soil level too high) 
0271 Lateral support for foundation walls 

FLOORS

FLOORS - INTRODUCTION
0272 Floors provide lateral support for foundations
0273 Allowable floor deflections 
0274 Distribution of floor loads 
0275 Air gaps around ends of wooden beams 
0276 Nails are good in shear but poor in tension 

FLOORS - SILLS
0277 Brick veneer wall
0278 Sill anchors 
0279 Sills should be above grade 
0280 Mud sills 
0281 Sill anchor spacing 
0282 Gaps under sills 
0283 Sill crushing 

FLOORS - COLUMNS
0284 Column types
0285 Reasons for column settling
0286 Column crushing 
0287 The 1/3 rule for column stability 
0288 Column sizes 
0289 Column buckling 
0290 Column connections 
0291 Rising damp in masonry columns 

FLOORS - BEAMS
0292 Beams - shown in relation to house structure 
0293 Stresses in beams 
0294 Load transfer 
0295 Mounting joists onto steel beams 
0296 Continuous beams are stiffer than simply spanned beams 
0297 Sight along beams to check for sag 
0298 Support for beam ends 
0299 Air gaps around ends of wooden beams 
0300 Rotated or twisted beams 
0301 Notches or holes not allowed in beams 
0302 Nailing of built-up wooden beams 
0303 Bolting of built-up wooden beams 
0304 Beam bearing - simple versus continuous beams 
0305 Column connections 
0306 Examples of weak joist/beam connections 
0307 Watch for insufficient nails in joist hangers 
0308 Lateral support for steel beams 
0309 Lateral support for wooden beams 
0310 Concentrated loads - removing or altering walls 

FLOORS - JOISTS
0311 Different types of floor joists 
0312 Lateral support for masonry walls 
0313 Bowing of masonry walls 
0314 Fire cut joists 
0315 Joist installation - crown up versus crown down 
0316 Rim joists 
0317 Two methods for improving sagging joists 
0318 Strapping, bridging and blocking 
0319 Hump in floor caused by excessive joist overlap
0320 Different types of joist end support 
0321 Examples of weak joist/beam connections 
0322 Watch for insufficient nails in joist hangers
0323 Joists attached to beams with ledger boards 
0324 Mortise and tenon joints 
0325 Strapping, bridging and blocking 
0326 Joist notching and drilling 
0327 Common causes of cracked joists 
0328 Cantilevered joists 
0329 Openings in floor structures 
0330 Interior walls - (non-loadbearing) 
0331 Wall over a trimmer 
0332 Engineered wood for floors

SUBFLOORING
0333 Types of subflooring
0334 Plywood subflooring 
0335 Subflooring edge support 
0336 Alternatives for installing ceramic tiles 

CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS
0337 Pre-stressed and post-tensioned concrete floor slabs 
0338 Cold joints along edge of slabs 

WALL SYSTEMS

SOLID MASONRY WALLS
0339 Solid masonry walls 
0340 Masonry cavity wall 
0341 Brick veneer wall 
0342 Brick wall terminology 
0343 Masonry wall using a diagonal brick bond 
0344 Lateral support for exterior masonry walls
0345 Walls that extend above ceiling joists 
0346 Steel lintel in brick veneer wall 
0347 Wood lintel in solid masonry wall
0348 Arch outside and wood lintel inside 
0349 Crack types 
0350 Cracks caused by one surface sliding against another
0351 Cracking - planes of movement 
0352 Rotational settlement cracks 
0353 Cracking - common locations 
0354 Roof truss uplift 
0355 Garage settlement 
0356 Lintel related wall cracks 
0357 Bowing of masonry walls
0358 Bowed brick veneer wall - older home 
0359 Walls that extend above ceiling joists 
0360 Bowing of solid masonry wall due to tie failure 
0361 Cracks due to clay brick expansion 
0362 Using rods and channels to stabilize a settled house 
0363 Corbelling 
0364 Projections for veneer 
0365 Blocks and bricks - hollow channels must be vertical

WOOD FRAME WALLS
0366 Platform versus balloon framing 
0367 Interior walls - (non-loadbearing) 
0368 Wood frame bearing wall - top plate T-connection 
0369 Holes and notches in top plates of bearing walls 
0370 Metal ties for connections in single top plates 
0371 Load bearing wall with lintel 
0372 Wall strength - stud sizes and spaces
0373 Wall plate overhangs 
0374 Support for jack studs
0375 Wood frame bearing wall - in basement 
0376 Wood frame wall - racking resistance 
0377 Installing oriented strandboard
0378 Stud notching and drilling 
0379 Identifying bearing and partition walls 
0380 Common rot locations in walls 
0381 Wood/soil clearances
0382 Wood frame wall - racking resistance
0383 Wood frame bearing wall - in basement 
0384 Stud notching
0385 Straightening partition studs
0386 Concentrated loads - removing or altering walls
0387 Support for jack studs on wide openings
0388 Offset bearing walls
0389 Sagging interior lintel

MASONRY VENEER WALLS
0390 Brick veneer wall - construction detail
0391 Brick veneer wall - masonry tie detail 
0392 Brick veneer wall 
0393 Weep holes - vented rain screen principle
0394 Weep holes in brick veneer walls 
0395 Veneer versus solid masonry 
0396 Bowed brick veneer - older home
0397 Wood/soil clearances
0398 Lintel related wall cracks 
0399 Steel lintel in brick veneer wall

ARCHES AND LINTELS
0400 Lintel loads in a masonry wall
0401 Lintel loads in wood frame walls 
0402 Steel lintel in brick veneer wall 
0403 Masonry arches - cracking due to lateral thrust 
0404 Lintel related wall cracks 
0405 End bearing for steel lintel
0406 Wood lintel bearing 

ROOF FRAMING

ROOF - INTRODUCTION
0407 Roof types
0408 Roof slopes
0409 Anchoring the roof to the walls 
0410 Roof spreading, dishing and sagging 

RAFTERS, ROOF JOISTS AND CEILING JOISTS
0411 Roof joists versus roof rafters 
0412 Overlapped ceiling joist splices
0413 Plywood ceiling joist splices
0414 Rafter endbearing 
0415 Hip and valley rafters 
0416 Horizontal projection 
0417 Ridge support
0418 Ridge boards
0419 Ridge board - not required 
0420 Gable wall 
0421 Gable overhang less than 16 inches 
0422 Gable overhang more than 16 inches 
0423 Dormer framing 
0424 Soffits 
0425 Roof spreading 
0426 Roof spreading - remedial action 
0427 Rafter endbearing 
0428 Dormer framing 
0429 Watch for insufficient nails in joist hangers
0430 Openings in roofs 

ROOF - COLLAR TIES
0431 Methods of reducing rafter spans

ROOF - KNEE WALLS AND PURLINS
0432 Methods of reducing rafter spans

ROOF - TRUSSES
0433 Roof trusses - overview 
0434 Bracing of compression webs
0435 Strapping the underside of trusses 
0436 Truss types 
0437 Drifting snow can cause truss sag/damage
0438 Roof truss uplift
0439 Roof truss uplift - remedial action 
0440 Bracing of compression webs 
0441 Roof trusses that are too long 

ROOF - WOOD "I" JOISTS
0442 Wood "I" joists

ROOF - SHEATHING
0443 Installation of roof boards 
0444 Installation of panel type roof sheathing 
0445 H-clips and spacing for panel type roof sheathing 

 

INSULATION - THE BASICS - page 1
1300 British Thermal Unit (BTUs) 
1301 Latent heat of vaporization 
1302 Mechanisms of heat transfer 
1303 People releasing heat 
1304 Thermal conductivity 
1305 Conductance 
1306 Two comfort strategies 
1307 Convective loop 
1308 R-value per inch 
1309 Recommended insulation levels 
1310 Balanced air changes 
1311 Absolute and relative humidity 
1312 How moisture moves 
1313 Stack effect 
1314 Neutral pressure plane 
1315 Dew point 

INSULATION - THE BASICS - page 2
1316 Vapor diffusion 
1317 Drafty is good (for houses) 
1318 Adding new siding can trap moisture 
1319 Moisture control in hot climates 
1320 Differences between old and new construction 
1321 Exhaust fans 
1322 Direct vent appliances 
1323 Heat recovery ventilator 
1324 How depressurization can occur in houses 
1325 Controlling moisture in hot climates 
1326 Wall marks due to thermal bridging 
1327 Insulation voids and convective loops 
1328 Wind washing 
1329 Forms of insulation 
1330 Other types of polystyrene insulation 
1331 Radiant barriers 

INSULATION - AIR and VAPOR BARRIER (VAPOR RETARDERS)
1332 Air barrier versus vapor barrier
1333 Housewrap versus building paper 
1334 Sill gaskets and electrical box enclosures 
1335 Gaskets for electrical boxes
1336 Backer rods 
1337 Caulking - indoors or out? 
1338 Pot lights 
1339 Vapor barrier location 
1340 Cover crawlspace floor 

INSULATION - VENTING ROOFS
1341 Reducing attic heat with ventilation 
1342 Preventing ice dams with ventilation 
1343 Types and locations of vents 
1344 Turbine vents 
1345 Baffles for soffit vents 
1346 Recommended amount of attic ventilation 
1347 Venting cathedral roofs 
1348 Ventilating mansard and gambrel roofs 

INSULATION - VENTING LIVING SPACES
1349 Three approaches to ventilation 
1350 Exhaust system components 
1351 Supply systems 
1352 Heat recovery ventilators (basic components) 
1353 HRV and ERV heat exchangers 
1354 HRV (heat recovery ventilator) components 
1355 HRV intake and exhaust locations 
1356 Filters and condensate drains 
1357 Defrost control 

INSULATION - ATTICS
1358 Attic access hatch 
1359 Stairwells to attic 
1360 Pull-down stairs 
1361 Secondary attics 
1362 Risks of adding more insulation 
1363 Wet insulation below vents 
1364 Missing insulation at dropped ceiling 
1365 Insulating knee walls 
1366 Insulating skylight wells 
1367 Ducts in attics 
1368 Insulation too close to chimneys 
1369 Air/vapor barrier incomplete or wrong location 
1370 Potential air leakage locations 
1371 Recommended amount of attic ventilation 
1372 Wet insulation below vents 
1373 Turbine vents 
1374 Attic power vents 
1375 Delaminating sheathing - 
1376 Whole house fan with no insulating cover 

INSULATION - FLAT AND CATHEDRAL ROOFS
1377 Insulating flat (and cathedral) roofs 
1378 Evidence of insulation added 
1379 Two different strategies for insulating cathedral/flat roofs 
1380 Channeled vents versus cross ventilation 

INSULATION - WALLS ABOVE GRADE
1381 Insulation short circuit 
1382 Adding insulation to solid masonry walls 
1383 Cold wall effect 
1384 Drying potential of walls 

INSULATION - BASEMENTS AND CRAWLSPACES
1385 Adding exterior basement insulation 
1386 Adding interior basement insulation 
1387 Basement moisture control 
1388 Insulating crawlspaces 
1389 Clues - has insulation been added? 
1390 Rim joist insulation 
1391 Do not insulate embedded joists 
1392 Exposed combustible insulation 
1393 Cover crawlspace floor 

INSULATION - FLOORS OVER UNHEATED AREAS
1394 Insulation in floors over unheated areas 

INSULATION - VENTILATION SYSTEMS
1395 Reducing moisture
1396 Exhaust fan conditions 
1397 Cold-side ducts not insulated 
1398 HRV intake and exhaust locations 
1399 Furnace duct/HRV connection 
1400 HRV exhaust grille locations 
1401 Flow collars and balancing dampers 
1402 HRV not interlocked with furnace fan 
1403 Filters dirty or missing 
1404 HRV core missing or dirty 
1405 Trap in condensate drain 

 

 

Back to Top

INTERIOR

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR - INTRODUCTION
2000 Fire and gas proofing in attached garages 
2001 Look behind window treatments 

INTERIOR - FLOORS
2002 Control joints in concrete floors 
2003 Rot around plumbing fixtures 
2004 Sources of interior water damage 
2005 Concrete floor problems 
2006 Hollows 
2007 Causes of rot 
2008 Alternatives for installing ceramic tiles 

INTERIOR - WALLS
2009 Gypsum lath versus drywall 
2010 Inspecting walls 
2011 Common locations for water damage 
2012 Structural clues 
2013 Shadow effect 
2014 Nail pop mechanism 
2015 Wood frame party wall 
2016 Ice dams 

INTERIOR - CEILINGS
2017 Roof truss uplift 
2018 Roof truss uplift - remedial action 
2019 Strapping the underside of trusses 
2020 Stairway lighting 

INTERIOR - TRIM, COUNTERS AND CABINETS
2021 Kinds of trim 
2022 Counter problems 
2023 Loose cabinets can seriously injure people 

INTERIOR - STAIRS
2024 Stair dimensions (straight stairs) 
2025 Curved treads 
2026 Winders 
2027 Stringers 
2028 Stairwell width 
2029 Handrails and guards 
2030 Rot in wood stairs 
2031 Tread/stringer connections 
2032 Stringer movement 
2033 Handrail support 
2034 Fire stopping for stairs 
2035 Stairway lighting 

INTERIOR - WINDOWS, SKYLIGHTS AND SOLARIUMS
2036 Glazing types 
2037 Window types 
2038 Window components 
2039 Fall protection 
2040 Drain holes 
2041 Flashing pan 
2042 Energy efficiency 
2043 Low-E glass 
2044 Move glass inboard 
2045 Spacing between layers of glass 
2046 Thermal breaks in frames 
2047 Look behind window treatments 
2048 Sloped glazing 
2049 Skylight and solarium leaks 
2050 Lintels sagging or missing 
2051 Window frame deformation 
2052 Window installed backwards
2053 Flashings over windows
2054 Watch for faulty windows 
2055 Do not push on upper sash 
2056 Fall protection 
2057 Exit window sizes 
2058 Ice damming below skylight 

INTERIOR - DOORS
2059 Door cores 
2060 Door operation 
2061 French doors 
2062 Lintels sagging or missing 
2063 Insulated metal doors should not have a storm door 
2064 Doorsill support 
2065 Staining below exterior doors 
2066 Man door (attached garage) 

INTERIOR - WET BASEMENT AND CRAWLSPACES
2067 Causes of wet basement problems 
2068 Roof and surface water control 
2069 Basement windows and stairs 
2070 Swales 
2071 Concrete flaws 
2072 Where cracks appear 
2073 Concrete block walls 
2074 High water table 
2075 Depth of foundation 
2076 Wet basement clues - part 1 
2077 Wet basement clues - part 2 
2078 Why is there a sump pump in the basement? 
2079 Control surface water 
2080 Patching cracks 
2081 Interior drainage system 
2082 Excavation, dampproofing and drainage tile 

 

ARCHITECTURAL STYLES

EXTERIOR - BUILDING SHAPES AND DETAILS
1700 Linear plan vs. massed plan 
1701 Saltbox, four-square and compound plans 
1702 Flat roofs 
1703 Sloped roof shapes 
1704 Bell-cast eave 
1705 Roof details 
1706 Gable details 
1707 Decorative chimneys 
1708 Dormer types 
1709 Cornice terms 
1710 Brackets versus dentils 
1711 Half-timbering 

EXTERIOR - WINDOWS
1712 Quoining 
1713 Double and single-hung windows 
1714 Casement windows 
1715 Sliders 
1716 Awning and hopper windows 
1717 Jalousie (or louver) windows 
1718 Window terms 
1719 Window shapes 
1720 Bow, bay and oriel windows 
1721 Door lights 

EXTERIOR - COLUMNS
1722 Columns 

EXTERIOR - SPECIFIC HOUSE STYLES
1723 Early Classical Revival 
1724 Greek Revival 
1725 Georgian 
1726 Adam 
1727 Colonial Revival 
1728 Italian Renaissance 
1729 Italianate 
1730 Gothic Revival 
1731 Stick 
1732 Queen Anne 
1733 Additional Queen Anne details 
1734 Shingle 
1735 Tudor 
1736 Prairie 
1737 Craftsman 
1738 Modernistic 
1739 International 
1740 Spanish Colonial 
1741 Mission 
1742 Cape Cod 
1743 Saltbox 

EXTERIOR SIDING AND CLADDING

EXTERIOR - INTRODUCTION
1744 Exterior inspection includes other systems 

EXTERIOR - WALL SURFACES - GENERAL
1745 Wall assemblies 
1746 Support for siding 
1747 Condensation in walls 
1748 Too close to grade 
1749 Weep holes below grade 
1750 Siding too close to roof 
1751 Watch for planters or gardens against walls 
1752 Insulation holes 

EXTERIOR - MASONRY
1753 Veneer versus solid masonry
1754 Parapet walls prone to damage 
1755 Chimney deterioration due to condensation 
1756 Rising damp 
1757 Freezing water spalls bricks 
1758 Repointing 
1759 Rusting lintels 
1760 Toothed in masonry on additions 
1761 Common mortar joints 
1762 Mortar joints in brick walls 
1763 Weep holes - vented rain screen principle 
1764 Bowed brick veneer wall - older home 
1765 Brick veneer wall - masonry tie detail 
1766 Lateral support for masonry walls 
1767 Bowing of masonry walls 

EXTERIOR - STUCCO
1768 Stucco - three coat process 
1769 Stucco - two coat process 
1770 Drip screed 
1771 Stucco cracking 
1772 Tudor style stucco problems 
1773 Nail popping 
1774 Synthetic stucco (EIFS)
1775 EIFS installation details 
1776 Kickout prevents stucco damage 
1777 Exterior inspection strategy for EIFS 
1778 Interior inspection strategy for EIFS 

EXTERIOR - WOOD
1779 Horizontal wood siding 
1780 Board-and-batten siding 
1781 Nailing controversy 
1782 Concealed nails 
1783 Inside and outside corners 
1784 Wood shingles and shakes
1785 Cedar shingles - nailing details 
1786 Wood shingle siding 
1787 Cut back bottom of siding
1788 Mitered corners 
1789 Vertical siding - butt joint detail 
1790 Joints in siding boards 
1791 Concealed nails 
1792 Strapping for vertical siding 

EXTERIOR - PLYWOOD, HARDBOARD AND OSB
1793 Plywood and composite siding 
1794 Hardboard siding 
1795 Oriented strandboard (OSB) siding 
1796 Vertical joints in panel siding 
1797 Siding too close to roof 
1798 Z flashings 
1799 Identifying Inner-Seal siding 

EXTERIOR - METAL AND VINYL
1800 Metal and vinyl
1801 Nailing too tightly 
1802 Mounting blocks 
1803 Flashings below windows 
1804 J moldings around windows

EXTERIOR - OTHER SIDINGS AND ISSUES
1805 Asbestos cement siding 
1806 Clay and slate shingles 
1807 Six nails per shingle
1808 Insulbrick 
1809 Foundation height 
1810 Areas to check for wood/soil contact include: 
1811 Preserved wood foundations 
1812 Parging 

EXTERIOR - SOFFITS AND FASCIA
1813 Soffits and fascia 
1814 Rotting soffit and fascia 

EXTERIOR - WINDOWS AND DOORS
1815 Putty (glazing compound) 
1816 Capillary break 
1817 Windows move 
1818 Frame deformation 

EXTERIOR - TRIM, FLASHINGS AND CAULKING
1819 Flashings over windows 
1820 Kickout prevents siding/wall damage 
1821 Macro approach 

EXTERIOR STRUCTURES

EXTERIOR - INTRODUCTION
1822 Porches 
1823 Decks 
1824 Balconies 
1825 Garages versus carports
1826 Basement walkout 

EXTERIOR - PORCHES, DECKS AND BALCONIES - page 1
1827 Support for concrete steps 
1828 Rise, run and tread width 
1829 Landings 
1830 Settled or heaved steps 
1831 Rot in wood stairs 
1832 Designing steps that are not springy 
1833 Handrails and guards 
1834 Handrail design 
1835 Spindle spacing 
1836 Handrails or guards too low 
1837 Common column materials 
1838 Column hinge point 
1839 Beams 
1840 Inspecting for beam sag 

EXTERIOR - PORCHES, DECKS AND BALCONIES - page 2
1841 Poor end support 
1842 Beam rotation (twisting) 
1843 Joist support 
1844 Porch floor sag 
1845 Securing ledgerboards 
1846 Ledgerboard flashing 
1847 Cantilevered decks 
1848 Canvas duck 
1849 Deck board installation details 
1850 Sagging deck or porch boards 
1851 Threshold 
1852 Hinged pillars affect roof structure 
1853 Skirting 

EXTERIOR - GARAGES AND CARPORTS
1854 Garages versus carports 
1855 Fire and gas proofing in attached garages 
1856 Heating ductwork in garages 
1857 Man door (attached garage)
1858 Combustible insulation in garages 
1859 Structural garage floor 
1860 Poor garage floor drainage 
1861 Slab is partly on disturbed soil 
1862 Mud jacking (pressure grouting) 
1863 Drains for below-grade garages 
1864 Drain pipe should face down 
1865 Garage door types 
1866 Garage door conditions 
1867 Automatic garage door openers 
1868 Manual operation of automatic garage door openers 
1869 Check electrical connection 
1870 Testing automatic reverse 
1871 Check photo-eye 
1872 Water heaters in garages 

EXTERIOR - BASEMENT WALKOUTS
1873 Basement walkouts 
1874 Lowered footings around basement walkouts 
1875 Insulated exterior basement stairwell 
1876 Perimeter drainage tile 
1877 No outside traps 
1878 Door threshold 
1879 Walkout cover or roof 

SURFACE WATER CONTROL AND LANDSCAPING

EXTERIOR - LOT GRADING
1880 Recommended grading slopes 
1881 Water penetration due to subgrade 
1882 Swales
1883 Maximum slopes 
1884 Evidence of exterior insulation installation 
1885 Drainage layer 
1886 Foundation cracks - repair methods 
1887 Settled backfill 
1888 Swales 
1889 French 
1890 Excavation, dampproofing and drainage tile 
1891 Catch basins - drain pipe should face down 
1892 Water penetration due to subgrade soil conditions 

EXTERIOR - GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS - page 1
1893 Interior flat roof drains 
1894 Integral gutter 
1895 Yankee gutter 
1896 Identifying aluminum and galvanized steel gutters 
1897 Excess shingle overhang 
1898 Gutters - common reasons for leakage 
1899 Repairing an integral gutter 
1900 Gutter attachment methods 
1901 Screens on gutters 
1902 Gutter and downspout installation 
1903 No downspout on secondary roof 
1904 Downspout running across roof 
1905 No downspouts on small roofs 
1906 Downspouts - common leakage areas 

EXTERIOR - GUTTERS AND DOWNSPOUTS - page 2
1907 Downspouts - proper connection of sections 
1908 35 feet per downspout 
1909 Baskets/strainers at the top of downspouts 
1910 Downspout extension too short 
1911 Downspouts discharge into floor drain 
1912 Does the downspout drain into the floor drain trap? 
1913 French drain 
1914 Abandon below grade downspouts 
1915 Flat roof drainage systems 
1916 Scupper drains 
1917 Weight of water 
1918 Clogged interior flat roof drain 
1919 Drains in columns and walls 
1920 Adding a roof drain 

EXTERIOR - WINDOW WELLS
1921 Window well 
1922 Add or extend wells when re-grading 
1923 Damaged window wells 
1924 Wood soil contact 
1925 Drain problems 

EXTERIOR - WALKS, DRIVEWAYS AND GROUNDS
1926 Concrete and asphalt driveways 
1927 Walkway steps 
1928 Trees and shrubs too close to house 
1929 Raised patios 

EXTERIOR - RETAINING WALLS
1930 Gabion retaining wall 
1931 Precast concrete retaining wall systems 
1932 Cantilevered concrete retaining wall 
1933 Pile retaining walls (shoring) 
1934 Wood retaining wall 
1935 Drainage is important 
1936 Movement or cracking 
1937 Block walls need rebar and cap 
1938 Inspecting retaining walls - things to watch for 
1939 Weep holes 

 

 

Back to Top

ROOFING

 

STEEP ROOFING

ROOFING - GENERAL
0001 Roof slopes
0002 Steep roof types 
0003 Dormer gutters discharging onto roof 
0004 Patched roofing 
0005 Vulnerable areas 
0006 Ice dams 
0007 Preventing ice dams with ventilation 
0008 Eave protection against ice dams 
0009 Avalanche guards

ROOFING - ASPHALT SHINGLES
0010 Asphalt shingle composition
0011 Typical asphalt shingle application - showing metal drip edge 
0012 Self-sealing tabs 
0013 Asphalt shingle application - showing alternate starter course arrangement 
0014 Cutting the points
0015 Premature failure of fiberglass shingles 
0016 Low slope shingle application 
0017 Fastener problems 
0018 Ridge shingle application 

ROOFING - WOOD SHINGLES AND SHAKES
0019 Shrinkage properties of wood 
0020 Wood shingles and shakes 
0021 Cedar shingle application 
0022 Cedar shingles - nailing details
0023 Cedar shingle application - spaced-plank sheathing 
0024 Cedar shake application
0025 Cedar shake - nailing details 
0026 Cedar shake application 
0027 Cedar shingle application 
0028 Cedar shingle application - using synthetic ventilation layer
0029 Curling, cupping and splitting wood shingles 

ROOFING - SLATE
0030 Slate types 
0031 Graduated slate roof
0032 Slate ribbons
0033 Slate - nailing details 
0034 Slate roof installation - dutch lap method 
0035 Slate roof installation - french method 
0036 Slate repair methods - using a slate hook
0037 Slate repair methods - making babies 
0038 Slate repair methods - using a sheet metal cradle

ROOFING - CLAY
0039 Clay tile - tapered mission style
0040 Clay tile - barrel mission style (straight)
0041 Clay tile - "S" type 
0042 Clay tile - interlocking shingle 
0043 How clay tiles are secured 
0044 Eave closures for spanish or mission tiles 

ROOFING - CONCRETE AND FIBER CEMENT
0045 Concrete tiles
0046 Cracked or broken tiles 
0047 How concrete tiles are secured 
0048 Fiber cement shingles 

ROOFING - METAL
0049 Metal shingles 
0050 Sheet metal roofing 

ROOFING - ROLL ROOFING
0051 Roll roofing 
0052 Roll roofing problems 

STEEP ROOF FLASHINGS

ROOFING - VALLEY FLASHINGS
0053 Roof valleys - open and closed
0054 Why valleys have a lower slope
0055 Valley flashing 
0056 Valley flashing made of asphalt shingles 
0057 Metal valley flashing
0058 Two types of metal valley flashing joints
0059 Metal valley secured with cleats 
0060 Metal valley flashing - alternate application
0061 Metal valley flashing with upstand 
0062 Valley flashings - cutting the points
0063 Closed cut (or half-woven) valley 
0064 Fully woven closed valley 

ROOFING - CHIMNEY FLASHINGS
0065 Chimney flashings - overview 
0066 Chimney flashings - side flashing detail
0067 Chimney saddle flashings 
0068 Chimney flashings - head flashing detail
0069 Chimney flashings - things to look for 
0070 Chimney flashings - side flashing detail 

ROOFING - PLUMBING STACK FLASHINGS
0071 Neoprene plumbing stack flashing 
0072 Plumbing stack flashing - stretched or buckled

ROOFING - ROOF and WALL FLASHINGS
0073 Roof/sidewall flashings 
0074 Roof/sidewall flashings 
0075 Roof/sidewall flashings - clay tile 
0076 Roof/masonry sidewall flashings 
0077 Roof intersection with brick wall above 
0078 Roof intersection with siding above 

ROOFING - HIP AND RIDGE FLASHINGS
0079 Ridge shingle application 

ROOFING - SKYLIGHTS
0080 Skylight in sloped roof - curb mount 
0081 Skylight in sloped roof - curbless 
0082 Skylight in sloped roof - integral curb (self-flashing skylight)
0083 Ice damming at skylight 

ROOFING - SOLARIUMS
0084 Solariums - areas to watch for

ROOFING - DRIP EDGE FLASHINGS
0085 Typical asphalt shingle application - showing metal drip edge 

ROOFING - DORMER FLASHINGS
0086 Dormer siding flashings
0087 Valley flashings - cutting the points

FLAT ROOFING

ROOFING - GENERAL
0088 Flat roof drainage systems

ROOFING - BUILT-UP ROOFING
0089 Inverted roof membrane assembly 
0090 Built-up roofing membrane - four-ply 
0091 Damaged and patched flat roofs 
0092 Blisters in built-up roofing membranes 
0093 Flat roof alligatoring 
0094 Gravel erosion (scouring) on flat roofs 
0095 Ridging and fish mouths on flat roofs 
0096 Ponding on flat roofs 

ROOFING - MODIFIED BITUMEN
0097 Single-ply modified bitumen roof
0098 Two-ply modified bitumen roof
0099 Staggering side laps in single-ply modified bitumen roofs

ROOFING - SYNTHETIC RUBBER (ELASTOMERIC, EPDM)
0100 EPDM roof membrane 

ROOFING - PLASTIC ROOFING (PVC, THERMOPLASTIC)
0101 PVC roof membrane 
0102 PVC roof problems 

ROOFING - ROLL ROOFING
0103 Wide selvage roofing

ROOFING - FLAT ROOF FLASHINGS
0104 Built-up flat roof/wall flashing
0105 Modified bitumen roof/wall flashing
0106 Two-piece counterflashings
0107 Built-up roofing membrane - edge details 
0108 Built-up roof membrane - curbed edge
0109 Built-up flat roof/wall flashing 
0110 Two-piece counter flashings 
0111 Alternative attachment method for counter flashing
0112 Lower quality built-up flat roof/wall flashing 
0113 EPDM (or PVC) roof/wall flashing
0114 Through-wall flashings
0115 Metal clad parapet wall
0116 Chimney cap details
0117 Skylight in flat roof 
0118 "Stack Jack" plumbing stack flashing 
0119 Cone-style plumbing stack flashing 
0120 Pitch pans for irregular roof penetrations 
0121 Flat roof drainage systems 
0122 Drain in modified bitumen roof 
0123 Flat roof draining onto sloped roof 
0124 Sloped roof draining onto flat roof

 

 
 

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Related Articles:
House Illustrations Library INDEX Sub Page E - J | Home Automation Systems
House Illustrations Library INDEX Sub Page A - D | House Illustrations Library INDEX Main Page A - Z
 

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